TRANSFORMATION OF LOCAL SILTSTONES IN GASOLINE

COMMERCIAL PROPOSITION

It is typical for a big city to accummulate over 1-1.5 tons of sediments of local siltstones (DSS) with the humidity of 75-85% in municipal sewage stores, and add another 40-50 thousand tons of DSS annually.

Known methods of utilization of the siltstones - which include drying and subsequent incineration of remnants or their usage as fertilizers after preliminary disinfection - are power-consuming and unprofitable.

This proposition reflects an alternative method of DSS conversion. The final product of the process is high-octane gasoline.

A prospective scheme of the DSS conversion may look as follows:

The facility reprocesses the DSS of incoming wastes with the humidity of 80% as well as those from sewage reservoirs, into gasoline. A presupposed DSS conversion facility output will make up about 180-200 thousand tons per year. To optimize the gasoline production, it is necessary to provide additional shipment of natural gas.

The sale of 35-40 tons of 92-95 gasoline synthesized from the DSS will return 7-8 million US dollars annually, at a price of about 200 dollars for each ton.

Main operational expenses:

1. cost of natural gas	~1,2 million US dollars
2. electric power
3. DSS facility personnel's salary (could be completely automated)
4. the entire facility servicing costs (20% of the sum referred to pp. 1,2,3)

Mixture of gasoline and characteristics of the catalyst are shown in the table 1.
Mixture of gasoline, % of mass.

Table 1

Iso-paraffin	55-65
Olefins	No more than 1-2
N-paraffin	10-15
Arenes	25-35
Benzene	0,2-0,8
Catalyst output	150-250 kg/t per hour
Catalyst stability	No less than 20-25 thousand hours

The output of catalyst is carried out on a industrial scale.

Table 2

Comparison of various methods of the DSS reprocessing
Estimated on the output of 200 thousand tons/year of DSS with the humidity level of 70-80%

Method of DSS reprocessing	Necessary power
Drying of DSS with the humidity level of 80% and on-land liquidation of dry remains.	It is approximately equal to the burning 1,5000 tons of natural gas per year.
Drying of DSS with the humidity level of 50% and incineration of dry remains in ovens for the purpose of receiving thermal or electric power.	Could be roughly compared with the electric power produced.
Reprocessing of the DSS in gasoline.	Annual income makes up 7-8 million US dollars.

The application of the technology proposed will ensure a variety of innovations:

1. Environmentally. Waste-free utilization of the DSS;
2. Commercially. Production of valuable energy carriers - gasoline;
3. Technologically. Demonstration of a new technology for the production of gasoline made of hazardous organic wastes;
4. Economically. Reprocessing of DSS is profitable.

Stages of the development process:

1. Creation of a pilot facility with the output of 100-200 liters of gasoline per day.
2. Development of technical documentation for industrial demonstration of the facility with the output of 35,000 tones of gasoline per year.
3. Creation of a facility with the output of 200, 000 tons of the DSS per year.

ASSESSMENT OF ECONOMIC PROSPECTS OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

А. Wastes (bio-siltstones) 200 000 tons per year

fuel gas 160х106 nm3/year

Due to the incineration of given amount about 250,000 Gcal/year of gas is produced with the price of $10 for Gcal/year. Common benefit may vary from 3,000 to 5,000 USD.

B. Wastes (bio- siltstones) 200 000 tons/year

fuel gas ($10/ Gcal) liquid gas ($220/ton) 10 000 tons/year High-octane gasoline (($250/ton) 40 000 tons/year

Common benefit may make up from 7 to10 million USD

Main scheme of sewage waters or utilization of siltstones